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|type=Abjad |languages= Urdu, Balti, Burushaski, others |sample=Urdu example.svg |imagesize=120px |caption=Example of writing in the Urdu alphabet: ''Urdu'' |time= |fam1=Proto-Sinaitic |fam2=Phoenician |fam3=Aramaic |fam4=Nabataean |fam5=Arabic |fam6=Perso-Arabic |unicode=(U+0600 to U+06FF ) (U+0750 to U+077F ) (U+FB50 to U+FDFF ) (U+FE70 to U+FEFF ) }} The Urdu alphabet is the right-to-left alphabet used for the Urdu language. It is a modification of the Persian alphabet, which is itself a derivative of the Arabic alphabet. With 38 letters and no distinct letter cases, the Urdu alphabet is typically written in the calligraphic Nastaʿlīq script, whereas Arabic is more commonly in the Naskh style. Usually, bare transliterations of Urdu into Roman letters (called Roman Urdu) omit many phonemic elements that have no equivalent in English or other languages commonly written in the Latin script. The National Language Authority of Pakistan has developed a number of systems with specific notations to signify non-English sounds, but these can only be properly read by someone already familiar with the loan letters. == History == The Urdu language emerged as a distinct register of Hindustani well before the Partition of India. It is distinguished most by its extensive Persian influences (Persian having been the official language of the Mughal government and the most prominent lingua franca of the Indian subcontinent for several centuries before the solidification of British colonial rule during the 19th century). The standard Urdu script is a modified version of the Perso-Arabic script, expanded to accommodate the phonology of Hindustani. Despite the invention of the Urdu typewriter in 1911, Urdu newspapers continued to publish prints of handwritten scripts by calligraphers known as ''katibs'' or ''khush-navees'' until the late 1980s. The Pakistani national newspaper ''Daily Jang'' was the first Urdu newspaper to use ''Nastaʿlīq'' computer-based composition. There are efforts under way to develop more sophisticated and user-friendly Urdu support on computers and the internet. Nowadays, nearly all Urdu newspapers, magazines, journals, and periodicals are composed on computers with Urdu software programs. Apart from being more or less Persianate, Urdu and Hindi are mutually intelligible. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Urdu alphabet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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